A Theory of Anti-Selfdual Lagrangians: Dynamical case

نویسنده

  • Nassif Ghoussoub
چکیده

We consider the class of time-dependent anti-selfdual Lagrangians, which –just like the stationary case announced in [5]– enjoys remarkable permamence properties and provides variational formulations and resolutions for several initial-value parabolic equations including gradient flows and other dissipative systems. Even though these evolutions do not fit in the standard Euler-Lagrange theory, we show that their solutions –as well as those of related parabolic variational inequalities– can be obtained as minima –but also more importantly as zeroes– of action functionals of the form ∫ T 0 L(t, u(t), u̇(t) + Λtu(t))dt) where L is a time-dependent anti-selfdual Lagrangian and where Λt is a flow of skew-adjoint operators. Details, proofs and more applications will be given in [7] in the setting of bounded linear operators. The case of linear unbounded operators is dealt with in [11]. Nonlinear but appropriately defined “skew-adjoint” operators will be considered in [8]. Résumé Lagrangiens anti-autoduaux: Le cas dynamique. On considère le cas des Lagrangiens anti-autoduaux qui dépendent du paramètre temps. Comme dans le cas stationnaire annoncé dans [5], cette classe possède des propriétés de permanence remarquables qui permettent une formulation et une résolution variationnelle de plusieurs équations paraboliques dissipatives qui ne sont pas normalement de type Euler-Lagrange. Version francaise abrégée: À tout Lagrangien anti-autodual autonome L sur X×X (où X est reflexif), on associe un semi-group de contractions (Tt)t∈R+ tel que x(t) = Ttx est la solution de (−ẋ(t),−x(t)) ∈ ∂L(x(t), ẋ(t)) avec x(0) = x. On associe un nouveau principe variationnel à une classe importante d’équations –ainsi que des inéquations– paraboliques dissipatives. Les solutions sont obtenues comme minima –mais aussi surtout comme des racines– de fonctionnelles d’action de la forme ∫ T 0 L(t, u(t), u̇(t) + Λtu(t))dt, où L est un Lagrangien anti-autodual et où Λt est un flow d’opérateurs antisymmétriques. Ces équations peuvent être des flots de gradients à potentiel convexe, comme dans l’équation de la chaleur et celle des médias poreux, mais aussi des évolutions nonlinéaires associées à des opérateurs du premier ordre, et donc non-autoadjoints. 1 Time-dependent anti-selfdual Lagrangians Let H be a Hilbert space with 〈 , 〉 as scalar product and let [0, T ] be a fixed real interval (0 < T < +∞). Consider the classical space L2H of Bochner integrable functions from [0, T ] into H with norm denoted by Research partially supported by a grant from the NSERC of Canada. We gratefully acknowledge the hospitality and support of the Centre de Recherches Mathématiques in Montréal where this work was initiated.

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تاریخ انتشار 2004